unspurious.

The blog

Notes from the library.

Essays, case studies and practical guides on the statistical illusions that turn correct numbers into confident mistakes — every post drawn out in figures.

Deep dive10 min · 4 figures

It takes two: when the real cause is a combination

A smooth dose-response curve can point to a culprit that does nothing on its own. Alcohol and tobacco, asbestos and smoking — and why re-running the correlation never settles it.

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Case study13 min · 5 figures

Why every backtest works

Every fund track record beats the market and every backtest is a winner — because the losers were deleted. Survivorship bias in fund databases, stock indices and strategy backtests.

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Case study13 min · 6 figures

Does bacon really cause cancer?

How "processed meat causes cancer" became "bacon is as deadly as smoking" — hazard vs. risk, and the missing baseline.

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Deep dive9 min · 5 figures

Survivorship bias: the evidence is in the graveyard

Wald's bombers, fund graveyards, the falling-cats study and founder folklore — how filters write datasets.

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Reading guide9 min · 5 figures

Five statistical paradoxes that change how you read the news

Honest numbers, dishonest conclusions — and the five questions that catch them. With five figures.

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Case study10 min · 5 figures

Simpson's paradox in the wild: three examples that fooled the experts

Berkeley admissions, COVID vaccine tables and a famous baseball season — each reversal drawn out in full.

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Practical guide9 min · 5 figures

What a positive test result actually means

Your test is 90% accurate and came back positive. The honest answer is about 9% — counted out in pictures.

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